fix queries

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Evan Almloff committed 2023-06-01 11:09:51 -05:00
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<h1 id="desktop-overview"><a class="header" href="#desktop-overview">Desktop Overview</a></h1>
<p>Build a standalone native desktop app that looks and feels the same across operating systems.</p>
<p>Apps built with Dioxus are typically &lt;5mb in size and use existing system resources, so they won't hog extreme amounts of RAM or memory.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/blob/master/file-explorer">File Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/blob/master/wifi-scanner">WiFi Scanner</a></li>
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<h2 id="support"><a class="header" href="#support">Support</a></h2>
<p>The desktop is a powerful target for Dioxus but is currently limited in capability when compared to the Web platform. Currently, desktop apps are rendered with the platform's WebView library, but your Rust code is running natively on a native thread. This means that browser APIs are <em>not</em> available, so rendering WebGL, Canvas, etc is not as easy as the Web. However, native system APIs <em>are</em> accessible, so streaming, WebSockets, filesystem, etc are all viable APIs. In the future, we plan to move to a custom web renderer-based DOM renderer with WGPU integrations.</p>
<p>Dioxus Desktop is built off <a href="https://tauri.app/">Tauri</a>. Right now there aren't any Dioxus abstractions over the menubar, handling, etc, so you'll want to leverage Tauri – mostly <a href="http://github.com/tauri-apps/wry/">Wry</a> and <a href="http://github.com/tauri-apps/tao">Tao</a>) directly.</p>
<h1 id="getting-started"><a class="header" href="#getting-started">Getting started</a></h1>
<h2 id="platform-specific-dependencies"><a class="header" href="#platform-specific-dependencies">Platform-Specific Dependencies</a></h2>
<p>Dioxus desktop renders through a web view. Depending on your platform, you might need to install some dependancies.</p>
<h3 id="windows"><a class="header" href="#windows">Windows</a></h3>
<p>Windows Desktop apps depend on WebView2 – a library that should be installed in all modern Windows distributions. If you have Edge installed, then Dioxus will work fine. If you <em>don't</em> have Webview2, <a href="https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webview2/">then you can install it through Microsoft</a>. MS provides 3 options:</p>
<ol>
<li>A tiny &quot;evergreen&quot; <em>bootstrapper</em> that fetches an installer from Microsoft's CDN</li>
<li>A tiny <em>installer</em> that fetches Webview2 from Microsoft's CDN</li>
<li>A statically linked version of Webview2 in your final binary for offline users</li>
</ol>
<p>For development purposes, use Option 1.</p>
<h3 id="linux"><a class="header" href="#linux">Linux</a></h3>
<p>Webview Linux apps require WebkitGtk. When distributing, this can be part of your dependency tree in your <code>.rpm</code> or <code>.deb</code>. However, likely, your users will already have WebkitGtk.</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">sudo apt install libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev
</code></pre>
<p>When using Debian/bullseye <code>libappindicator3-dev</code> is no longer available but replaced by <code>libayatana-appindicator3-dev</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash"># on Debian/bullseye use:
sudo apt install libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev
</code></pre>
<p>If you run into issues, make sure you have all the basics installed, as outlined in the <a href="https://tauri.studio/v1/guides/getting-started/prerequisites#setting-up-linux">Tauri docs</a>.</p>
<h3 id="macos"><a class="header" href="#macos">MacOS</a></h3>
<p>Currently – everything for macOS is built right in! However, you might run into an issue if you're using nightly Rust due to some permissions issues in our Tao dependency (which have been resolved but not published).</p>
<h2 id="creating-a-project"><a class="header" href="#creating-a-project">Creating a Project</a></h2>
<p>Create a new crate:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo new --bin demo
cd demo
</code></pre>
<p>Add Dioxus and the desktop renderer as dependencies (this will edit your <code>Cargo.toml</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo add dioxus
cargo add dioxus-desktop
</code></pre>
<p>Edit your <code>main.rs</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">#![allow(non_snake_case)]
// import the prelude to get access to the `rsx!` macro and the `Scope` and `Element` types
use dioxus::prelude::*;
fn main() {
// launch the dioxus app in a webview
dioxus_desktop::launch(App);
}
// define a component that renders a div with the text &quot;Hello, world!&quot;
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
</code></pre></pre>
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<h1 id="setting-up-hot-reload"><a class="header" href="#setting-up-hot-reload">Setting Up Hot Reload</a></h1>
<ol>
<li>Hot reloading allows much faster iteration times inside of rsx calls by interpreting them and streaming the edits.</li>
<li>It is useful when changing the styling/layout of a program, but will not help with changing the logic of a program.</li>
<li>Currently the cli only implements hot reloading for the web renderer. For TUI, desktop, and LiveView you can use the hot reload macro instead.</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="web"><a class="header" href="#web">Web</a></h1>
<p>For the web renderer, you can use the dioxus cli to serve your application with hot reloading enabled.</p>
<h2 id="setup"><a class="header" href="#setup">Setup</a></h2>
<p>Install <a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/cli">dioxus-cli</a>.
Hot reloading is automatically enabled when using the web renderer on debug builds.</p>
<h2 id="usage"><a class="header" href="#usage">Usage</a></h2>
<ol>
<li>Run:</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-bash">dioxus serve --hot-reload
</code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>Change some code within a rsx or render macro</li>
<li>Open your localhost in a browser</li>
<li>Save and watch the style change without recompiling</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="desktopliveviewtuiserver"><a class="header" href="#desktopliveviewtuiserver">Desktop/Liveview/TUI/Server</a></h1>
<p>For desktop, LiveView, and tui, you can place the hot reload macro at the top of your main function to enable hot reloading.
Hot reloading is automatically enabled on debug builds.</p>
<p>For more information about hot reloading on native platforms and configuration options see the <a href="https://crates.io/crates/dioxus-hot-reload">dioxus-hot-reload</a> crate.</p>
<h2 id="setup-1"><a class="header" href="#setup-1">Setup</a></h2>
<p>Add the following to your main function:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">fn main() {
hot_reload_init!();
// launch your application
}
</code></pre></pre>
<h2 id="usage-1"><a class="header" href="#usage-1">Usage</a></h2>
<ol>
<li>Run:</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-bash">cargo run
</code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>Change some code within a rsx or render macro</li>
<li>Save and watch the style change without recompiling</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="limitations"><a class="header" href="#limitations">Limitations</a></h1>
<ol>
<li>The interpreter can only use expressions that existed on the last full recompile. If you introduce a new variable or expression to the rsx call, it will require a full recompile to capture the expression.</li>
<li>Components, Iterators, and some attributes can contain arbitrary rust code and will trigger a full recompile when changed.</li>
</ol>
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<h1 id="getting-started"><a class="header" href="#getting-started">Getting Started</a></h1>
<p>This section will help you set up your Dioxus project!</p>
<h2 id="prerequisites"><a class="header" href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></h2>
<h3 id="an-editor"><a class="header" href="#an-editor">An Editor</a></h3>
<p>Dioxus integrates very well with the <a href="https://rust-analyzer.github.io">Rust-Analyzer LSP plugin</a> which will provide appropriate syntax highlighting, code navigation, folding, and more.</p>
<h3 id="rust"><a class="header" href="#rust">Rust</a></h3>
<p>Head over to <a href="http://rust-lang.org">https://rust-lang.org</a> and install the Rust compiler.</p>
<p>We strongly recommend going through the <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-00-getting-started.html">official Rust book</a> <em>completely</em>. However, we hope that a Dioxus app can serve as a great first Rust project. With Dioxus, you'll learn about:</p>
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<li>Error handling</li>
<li>Structs, Functions, Enums</li>
<li>Closures</li>
<li>Macros</li>
</ul>
<p>We've put a lot of care into making Dioxus syntax familiar and easy to understand, so you won't need deep knowledge of async, lifetimes, or smart pointers until you start building complex Dioxus apps.</p>
<h2 id="setup-guides"><a class="header" href="#setup-guides">Setup Guides</a></h2>
<p>Dioxus supports multiple platforms. Choose the platform you want to target below to get platform-specific setup instructions:</p>
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<h1 id="liveview"><a class="header" href="#liveview">Liveview</a></h1>
<p>Liveview allows apps to <em>run</em> on the server and <em>render</em> in the browser. It uses WebSockets to communicate between the server and the browser.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/dioxus/tree/master/packages/liveview/examples/axum.rs">Axum Example</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/dioxus/tree/master/packages/liveview/examples/salvo.rs">Salvo Example</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/dioxus/tree/master/packages/liveview/examples/warp.rs">Warp Example</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="support"><a class="header" href="#support">Support</a></h2>
<p>Liveview is currently limited in capability when compared to the Web platform. Liveview apps run on the server in a native thread. This means that browser APIs are not available, so rendering WebGL, Canvas, etc is not as easy as the Web. However, native system APIs are accessible, so streaming, WebSockets, filesystem, etc are all viable APIs.</p>
<h2 id="setup"><a class="header" href="#setup">Setup</a></h2>
<p>For this guide, we're going to show how to use Dioxus Liveview with <a href="https://docs.rs/axum/latest/axum/">Axum</a>.</p>
<p>Make sure you have Rust and Cargo installed, and then create a new project:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo new --bin demo
cd app
</code></pre>
<p>Add Dioxus and the liveview renderer with the Axum feature as dependencies:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo add dioxus
cargo add dioxus-liveview --features axum
</code></pre>
<p>Next, add all the Axum dependencies. This will be different if you're using a different Web Framework</p>
<pre><code>cargo add tokio --features full
cargo add axum
</code></pre>
<p>Your dependencies should look roughly like this:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
axum = &quot;0.4.5&quot;
dioxus = { version = &quot;*&quot; }
dioxus-liveview = { version = &quot;*&quot;, features = [&quot;axum&quot;] }
tokio = { version = &quot;1.15.0&quot;, features = [&quot;full&quot;] }
</code></pre>
<p>Now, set up your Axum app to respond on an endpoint.</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
let addr: std::net::SocketAddr = ([127, 0, 0, 1], 3030).into();
let view = dioxus_liveview::LiveViewPool::new();
let app = Router::new()
// The root route contains the glue code to connect to the WebSocket
.route(
&quot;/&quot;,
get(move || async move {
Html(format!(
r#&quot;
&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
&lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt;Dioxus LiveView with Axum&lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt; &lt;div id=&quot;main&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/body&gt;
{glue}
&lt;/html&gt;
&quot;#,
// Create the glue code to connect to the WebSocket on the &quot;/ws&quot; route
glue = dioxus_liveview::interpreter_glue(&amp;format!(&quot;ws://{addr}/ws&quot;))
))
}),
)
// The WebSocket route is what Dioxus uses to communicate with the browser
.route(
&quot;/ws&quot;,
get(move |ws: WebSocketUpgrade| async move {
ws.on_upgrade(move |socket| async move {
// When the WebSocket is upgraded, launch the LiveView with the app component
_ = view.launch(dioxus_liveview::axum_socket(socket), app).await;
})
}),
);
println!(&quot;Listening on http://{addr}&quot;);
axum::Server::bind(&amp;addr.to_string().parse().unwrap())
.serve(app.into_make_service())
.await
.unwrap();
}
</code></pre></pre>
<p>And then add our app component:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>fn app(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>And that's it!</p>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Getting Started</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/ssr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Server-Side Rendering</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/fullstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Fullstack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/liveview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Liveview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/tui.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> Terminal UI</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/mobile.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Mobile</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/hot_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> Hot Reloading</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Describing the UI</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/special_attributes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Special Attributes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/components.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Components</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_props.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Props</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_children.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Component Children</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Interactivity</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/event_handlers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Event Listeners</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Hooks &amp; Component State</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/user_input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> User Input</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/sharing_state.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Sharing State</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/custom_hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Custom Hooks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/dynamic_rendering.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Dynamic Rendering</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/router.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Routing</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Async</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_future.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> UseFuture</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_coroutine.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> UseCoroutine</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/spawn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Spawning Futures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Best Practices</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/error_handling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Error Handling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/antipatterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Antipatterns</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Publishing</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../fullstack/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Fullstack</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../fullstack/getting_started.html"><stLine truncated
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<h1 id="mobile-app"><a class="header" href="#mobile-app">Mobile App</a></h1>
<p>Build a mobile app with Dioxus!</p>
<p>Example: <a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/blob/master/ios_demo">Todo App</a></p>
<h2 id="support"><a class="header" href="#support">Support</a></h2>
<p>Mobile is currently the least-supported renderer target for Dioxus. Mobile apps are rendered with either the platform's WebView or experimentally through <a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/blitz">WGPU</a>. WebView doesn't support animations, transparency, and native widgets.</p>
<p>Mobile support is currently best suited for CRUD-style apps, ideally for internal teams who need to develop quickly but don't care much about animations or native widgets.</p>
<p>This guide is primarily targeted at iOS apps, however, you can follow it while using the <code>android</code> guide in <code>cargo-mobile</code>.</p>
<h2 id="getting-set-up"><a class="header" href="#getting-set-up">Getting Set up</a></h2>
<p>Getting set up with mobile can be quite challenging. The tooling here isn't great (yet) and might take some hacking around to get things working. macOS M1 is broadly unexplored and might not work for you.</p>
<p>We're going to be using <code>cargo-mobile</code> to build for mobile. First, install it:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo install --git https://github.com/BrainiumLLC/cargo-mobile
</code></pre>
<p>And then initialize your app for the right platform. Use the <code>winit</code> template for now. Right now, there's no &quot;Dioxus&quot; template in cargo-mobile.</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo mobile init
</code></pre>
<p>We're going to completely clear out the <code>dependencies</code> it generates for us, swapping out <code>winit</code> with <code>dioxus-mobile</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">
[package]
name = &quot;dioxus-ios-demo&quot;
version = &quot;0.1.0&quot;
authors = []
edition = &quot;2018&quot;
# leave the `lib` declaration
[lib]
crate-type = [&quot;staticlib&quot;, &quot;cdylib&quot;, &quot;rlib&quot;]
# leave the binary it generates for us
[[bin]]
name = &quot;dioxus-ios-demo-desktop&quot;
path = &quot;gen/bin/desktop.rs&quot;
# clear all the dependencies
[dependencies]
mobile-entry-point = &quot;0.1.0&quot;
dioxus = { version = &quot;*&quot;}
dioxus-desktop = { version = &quot;*&quot; }
simple_logger = &quot;*&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Edit your <code>lib.rs</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">use dioxus::prelude::*;
fn main() {
dioxus_desktop::launch(app);
}
fn app(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!{
div {
&quot;hello world!&quot;
}
})
}
</code></pre></pre>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Getting Started</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/ssr.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Server-Side Rendering</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/fullstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Fullstack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/liveview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Liveview</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/tui.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> Terminal UI</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/mobile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Mobile</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/hot_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> Hot Reloading</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Describing the UI</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/special_attributes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Special Attributes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/components.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Components</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_props.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Props</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_children.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Component Children</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Interactivity</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/event_handlers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Event Listeners</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Hooks &amp; Component State</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/user_input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> User Input</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/sharing_state.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Sharing State</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/custom_hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Custom Hooks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/dynamic_rendering.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Dynamic Rendering</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/router.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Routing</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Async</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_future.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> UseFuture</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_coroutine.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> UseCoroutine</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/spawn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Spawning Futures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Best Practices</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/error_handling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Error Handling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/antipatterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Antipatterns</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Publishing</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../fullstack/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Fullstack</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../fullstack/getting_started.html"><stLine truncated
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<h1 id="server-side-rendering"><a class="header" href="#server-side-rendering">Server-Side Rendering</a></h1>
<p>For lower-level control over the rendering process, you can use the <code>dioxus-ssr</code> crate directly. This can be useful when integrating with a web framework that <code>dioxus-server</code> does not support, or pre-rendering pages.</p>
<h2 id="setup"><a class="header" href="#setup">Setup</a></h2>
<p>For this guide, we're going to show how to use Dioxus SSR with <a href="https://docs.rs/axum/latest/axum/">Axum</a>.</p>
<p>Make sure you have Rust and Cargo installed, and then create a new project:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo new --bin demo
cd demo
</code></pre>
<p>Add Dioxus and the ssr renderer as dependencies:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo add dioxus
cargo add dioxus-ssr
</code></pre>
<p>Next, add all the Axum dependencies. This will be different if you're using a different Web Framework</p>
<pre><code>cargo add tokio --features full
cargo add axum
</code></pre>
<p>Your dependencies should look roughly like this:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
axum = &quot;0.4.5&quot;
dioxus = { version = &quot;*&quot; }
dioxus-ssr = { version = &quot;*&quot; }
tokio = { version = &quot;1.15.0&quot;, features = [&quot;full&quot;] }
</code></pre>
<p>Now, set up your Axum app to respond on an endpoint.</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">#![allow(non_snake_case)]
use axum::{response::Html, routing::get, Router};
// import the prelude to get access to the `rsx!` macro and the `Scope` and `Element` types
use dioxus::prelude::*;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
let addr = std::net::SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 3000));
println!(&quot;listening on http://{}&quot;, addr);
axum::Server::bind(&amp;addr)
.serve(
Router::new()
.route(&quot;/&quot;, get(app_endpoint))
.into_make_service(),
)
.await
.unwrap();
}
</code></pre></pre>
<p>And then add our endpoint. We can either render <code>rsx!</code> directly:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>async fn app_endpoint() -&gt; Html&lt;String&gt; {
// render the rsx! macro to HTML
Html(dioxus_ssr::render_lazy(rsx! {
div { &quot;hello world!&quot; }
}))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Or we can render VirtualDoms.</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>async fn second_app_endpoint() -&gt; Html&lt;String&gt; {
// create a component that renders a div with the text &quot;hello world&quot;
fn app(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!(div { &quot;hello world&quot; }))
}
// create a VirtualDom with the app component
let mut app = VirtualDom::new(app);
// rebuild the VirtualDom before rendering
let _ = app.rebuild();
// render the VirtualDom to HTML
Html(dioxus_ssr::render(&amp;app))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>And then add our app component:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// define a component that renders a div with the text &quot;Hello, world!&quot;
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>And that's it!</p>
<h2 id="multithreaded-support"><a class="header" href="#multithreaded-support">Multithreaded Support</a></h2>
<p>The Dioxus VirtualDom, sadly, is not currently <code>Send</code>. Internally, we use quite a bit of interior mutability which is not thread-safe.
When working with web frameworks that require <code>Send</code>, it is possible to render a VirtualDom immediately to a String – but you cannot hold the VirtualDom across an await point. For retained-state SSR (essentially LiveView), you'll need to spawn a VirtualDom on its own thread and communicate with it via channels or create a pool of VirtualDoms.
You might notice that you cannot hold the VirtualDom across an await point. Because Dioxus is currently not ThreadSafe, it <em>must</em> remain on the thread it started. We are working on loosening this requirement.</p>
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<h1 id="terminal-ui"><a class="header" href="#terminal-ui">Terminal UI</a></h1>
<p>You can build a text-based interface that will run in the terminal using Dioxus.</p>
<p><img src="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/rink/raw/master/examples/example.png" alt="Hello World screenshot" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Note: this book was written with HTML-based platforms in mind. You might be able to follow along with TUI, but you'll have to adapt a bit.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="support"><a class="header" href="#support">Support</a></h2>
<p>TUI support is currently quite experimental. But, if you're willing to venture into the realm of the unknown, this guide will get you started.</p>
<ul>
<li>It uses flexbox for the layout</li>
<li>It only supports a subset of the attributes and elements</li>
<li>Regular widgets will not work in the tui render, but the tui renderer has its own widget components that start with a capital letter. See the <a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/dioxus/blob/master/packages/dioxus-tui/examples/widgets.rs">widgets example</a></li>
<li>1px is one character line height. Your regular CSS px does not translate</li>
<li>If your app panics, your terminal is wrecked. This will be fixed eventually</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="getting-set-up"><a class="header" href="#getting-set-up">Getting Set up</a></h2>
<p>Start by making a new package and adding Dioxus and the TUI renderer as dependancies.</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo new --bin demo
cd demo
cargo add dioxus
cargo add dioxus-tui
</code></pre>
<p>Then, edit your <code>main.rs</code> with the basic template.</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">#![allow(non_snake_case)]
// import the prelude to get access to the `rsx!` macro and the `Scope` and `Element` types
use dioxus::prelude::*;
fn main() {
// launch the app in the terminal
dioxus_tui::launch(App);
}
// create a component that renders a div with the text &quot;Hello, world!&quot;
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
</code></pre></pre>
<p>To run our app:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo run
</code></pre>
<p>Press &quot;ctrl-c&quot; to close the app. To switch from &quot;ctrl-c&quot; to just &quot;q&quot; to quit you can launch the app with a configuration to disable the default quit and use the root TuiContext to quit on your own.</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">// todo remove deprecated
#![allow(non_snake_case, deprecated)]
use dioxus::events::{KeyCode, KeyboardEvent};
use dioxus::prelude::*;
use dioxus_tui::TuiContext;
fn main() {
dioxus_tui::launch_cfg(
App,
dioxus_tui::Config::new()
.without_ctrl_c_quit()
// Some older terminals only support 16 colors or ANSI colors
// If your terminal is one of these, change this to BaseColors or ANSI
.with_rendering_mode(dioxus_tui::RenderingMode::Rgb),
);
}
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
let tui_ctx: TuiContext = cx.consume_context().unwrap();
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
width: &quot;100%&quot;,
height: &quot;10px&quot;,
background_color: &quot;red&quot;,
justify_content: &quot;center&quot;,
align_items: &quot;center&quot;,
onkeydown: move |k: KeyboardEvent| if let KeyCode::Q = k.key_code {
tui_ctx.quit();
},
&quot;Hello world!&quot;
}
})
}
</code></pre></pre>
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<main>
<h1 id="web"><a class="header" href="#web">Web</a></h1>
<p>Build single-page applications that run in the browser with Dioxus. To run on the Web, your app must be compiled to WebAssembly and depend on the <code>dioxus</code> and <code>dioxus-web</code> crates.</p>
<p>A build of Dioxus for the web will be roughly equivalent to the size of a React build (70kb vs 65kb) but it will load significantly faster because <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2018/01/making-webassembly-even-faster-firefoxs-new-streaming-and-tiering-compiler/">WebAssembly can be compiled as it is streamed</a>.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/tree/master/todomvc">TodoMVC</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/tree/master/ecommerce-site">ECommerce</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/blob/master/todomvc"><img src="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/example-projects/raw/master/todomvc/example.png" alt="TodoMVC example" /></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Note: Because of the limitations of Wasm, <a href="https://rustwasm.github.io/docs/book/reference/which-crates-work-with-wasm.html">not every crate will work</a> with your web apps, so you'll need to make sure that your crates work without native system calls (timers, IO, etc).</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="support"><a class="header" href="#support">Support</a></h2>
<p>The Web is the best-supported target platform for Dioxus.</p>
<ul>
<li>Because your app will be compiled to WASM you have access to browser APIs through <a href="https://rustwasm.github.io/docs/wasm-bindgen/introduction.html">wasm-bingen</a>.</li>
<li>Dioxus provides hydration to resume apps that are rendered on the server. See the <a href="fullstack.html">fullstack</a> getting started guide for more information.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tooling"><a class="header" href="#tooling">Tooling</a></h2>
<p>To develop your Dioxus app for the web, you'll need a tool to build and serve your assets. We recommend using <a href="https://github.com/DioxusLabs/cli">dioxus-cli</a> which includes a build system, Wasm optimization, a dev server, and support hot reloading:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo install dioxus-cli
</code></pre>
<p>Make sure the <code>wasm32-unknown-unknown</code> target for rust is installed:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
</code></pre>
<h2 id="creating-a-project"><a class="header" href="#creating-a-project">Creating a Project</a></h2>
<p>Create a new crate:</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">cargo new --bin demo
cd demo
</code></pre>
<p>Add Dioxus and the web renderer as dependencies (this will edit your <code>Cargo.toml</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">cargo add dioxus
cargo add dioxus-web
</code></pre>
<p>Edit your <code>main.rs</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">#![allow(non_snake_case)]
// import the prelude to get access to the `rsx!` macro and the `Scope` and `Element` types
use dioxus::prelude::*;
fn main() {
// launch the web app
dioxus_web::launch(App);
}
// create a component that renders a div with the text &quot;Hello, world!&quot;
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
</code></pre></pre>
<p>And to serve our app:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">dioxus serve
</code></pre>
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