fix queries

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Evan Almloff committed 2023-06-01 11:09:51 -05:00
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<h1 id="componente-filhos"><a class="header" href="#componente-filhos">Componente Filhos</a></h1>
<p>Em alguns casos, você pode desejar criar um componente que atue como um contêiner para algum outro conteúdo, sem que o componente precise saber qual é esse conteúdo. Para conseguir isso, crie uma <em>prop</em> do tipo <code>Element</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(Props)]
struct ClickableProps&lt;'a&gt; {
href: &amp;'a str,
body: Element&lt;'a&gt;,
}
fn Clickable&lt;'a&gt;(cx: Scope&lt;'a, ClickableProps&lt;'a&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!(
a {
href: &quot;{cx.props.href}&quot;,
class: &quot;fancy-button&quot;,
&amp;cx.props.body
}
))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Então, ao renderizar o componente, você pode passar a saída de <code>cx.render(rsx!(...))</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span> cx.render(rsx! {
Clickable {
href: &quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-M2hs3sXGo&quot;,
body: cx.render(rsx!(&quot;How to &quot; i {&quot;not&quot;} &quot; be seen&quot;)),
}
})
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Nota: Como <code>Element&lt;'a&gt;</code> é uma <em>prop</em> emprestado, não haverá memoização.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Atenção: Embora possa compilar, não inclua o mesmo <code>Element</code> mais de uma vez no RSX. O comportamento resultante não é especificado.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="o-campo-children"><a class="header" href="#o-campo-children">O Campo <code>children</code></a></h2>
<p>Em vez de passar o <code>RSX</code> através de uma <em>prop</em> regular, você pode querer aceitar filhos da mesma forma que os elementos podem ter filhos. O prop &quot;mágico&quot; <code>children</code> permite que você consiga isso:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(Props)]
struct ClickableProps&lt;'a&gt; {
href: &amp;'a str,
children: Element&lt;'a&gt;,
}
fn Clickable&lt;'a&gt;(cx: Scope&lt;'a, ClickableProps&lt;'a&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!(
a {
href: &quot;{cx.props.href}&quot;,
class: &quot;fancy-button&quot;,
&amp;cx.props.children
}
))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Isso torna o uso do componente muito mais simples: basta colocar o <code>RSX</code> dentro dos colchetes <code>{}</code> – e não há necessidade de uma chamada <code>render</code> ou outra macro!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span> cx.render(rsx! {
Clickable {
href: &quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-M2hs3sXGo&quot;,
&quot;How to &quot; i {&quot;not&quot;} &quot; be seen&quot;
}
})
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
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<h1 id="props-de-componentes"><a class="header" href="#props-de-componentes">Props de Componentes</a></h1>
<p>Assim como você pode passar argumentos para uma função, você pode passar <em>props</em> para um componente que personaliza seu comportamento! Os componentes que vimos até agora não aceitam <em>props</em> – então vamos escrever alguns componentes que aceitam.</p>
<h2 id="deriveprops"><a class="header" href="#deriveprops"><code>#[derive(Props)]</code></a></h2>
<p><em>Props</em> de componente são uma única estrutura anotada com <code>#[derive(Props)]</code>. Para um componente aceitar <em>props</em>, o tipo de seu argumento deve ser <code>Scope&lt;YourPropsStruct&gt;</code>. Então, você pode acessar o valor das <em>props</em> usando <code>cx.props</code>.</p>
<p>Existem 2 tipos de estruturas Props:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>props</code> próprios:
<ul>
<li>Não tem uma vida útil associada</li>
<li>Implementam <code>PartialEq</code>, permitindo a memoização (se os <em>props</em> não mudarem, o Dioxus não renderizará novamente o componente)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>props</code> emprestados:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/rust-by-example/scope/borrow.html">Emprestado</a> de um componente pai</li>
<li>Não pode ser memoizado devido a restrições de tempo de vida (Rust's lifetime)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="props-próprios"><a class="header" href="#props-próprios">Props Próprios</a></h3>
<p><em>Props</em> próprios são muito simples – eles não emprestam nada. Exemplo:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// Remember: Owned props must implement `PartialEq`!
#[derive(PartialEq, Props)]
struct LikesProps {
score: i32,
}
fn Likes(cx: Scope&lt;LikesProps&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;This post has &quot;,
b { &quot;{cx.props.score}&quot; },
&quot; likes&quot;
}
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Você pode então passar valores de <em>prop</em> para o componente da mesma forma que você passaria atributos para um elemento:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
Likes {
score: 42,
},
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p><img src="./images/component_owned_props_screenshot.png" alt="Screenshot: Likes component" /></p>
<h3 id="props-emprestados"><a class="header" href="#props-emprestados">Props Emprestados</a></h3>
<p>Possuir <em>props</em> funciona bem se seus <em>props</em> forem fáceis de copiar – como um único número. Mas e se precisarmos passar um tipo de dados maior, como uma <code>String</code> de um componente <code>App</code> para um subcomponente <code>TitleCard</code>? Uma solução ingênua pode ser <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/clone/trait.Clone.html"><code>.clone()</code></a> a <code>String</code>, criando uma cópia dela para o subcomponente – mas isso seria ineficiente, especialmente para <code>Strings</code> maiores.</p>
<p>Rust permite algo mais eficiente – emprestar a <code>String</code> como um <code>&amp;str</code> – é para isso que servem as <em>props emprestadas</em>!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(Props)]
struct TitleCardProps&lt;'a&gt; {
title: &amp;'a str,
}
fn TitleCard&lt;'a&gt;(cx: Scope&lt;'a, TitleCardProps&lt;'a&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
h1 { &quot;{cx.props.title}&quot; }
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Podemos então usar o componente assim:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
let hello = &quot;Hello Dioxus!&quot;;
cx.render(rsx!(TitleCard { title: hello }))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p><img src="./images/component_borrowed_props_screenshot.png" alt="Screenshot: TitleCard component" /></p>
<h2 id="props-de-option"><a class="header" href="#props-de-option">Props de Option</a></h2>
<p>A macro <code>#[derive(Props)]</code> tem alguns recursos que permitem personalizar o comportamento dos adereços.</p>
<h3 id="props-opcionais"><a class="header" href="#props-opcionais">Props Opcionais</a></h3>
<p>Você pode criar campos opcionais usando o tipo <code>Option&lt;…&gt;</code> para um campo:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(Props)]
struct OptionalProps&lt;'a&gt; {
title: &amp;'a str,
subtitle: Option&lt;&amp;'a str&gt;,
}
fn Title&lt;'a&gt;(cx: Scope&lt;'a, OptionalProps&gt;) -&gt; Element&lt;'a&gt; {
cx.render(rsx!(h1{
&quot;{cx.props.title}: &quot;,
cx.props.subtitle.unwrap_or(&quot;No subtitle provided&quot;),
}))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Em seguida, você pode optar por fornecê-los ou não:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>Title {
title: &quot;Some Title&quot;,
},
Title {
title: &quot;Some Title&quot;,
subtitle: &quot;Some Subtitle&quot;,
},
// Providing an Option explicitly won't compile though:
// Title {
// title: &quot;Some Title&quot;,
// subtitle: None,
// },
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="option-explicitamente-obrigatórias"><a class="header" href="#option-explicitamente-obrigatórias"><code>Option</code> Explicitamente Obrigatórias</a></h3>
<p>Se você quiser exigir explicitamente uma <code>Option</code>, e não uma <em>prop</em> opcional, você pode anotá-la com <code>#[props(!optional)]</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(Props)]
struct ExplicitOptionProps&lt;'a&gt; {
title: &amp;'a str,
#[props(!optional)]
subtitle: Option&lt;&amp;'a str&gt;,
}
fn ExplicitOption&lt;'a&gt;(cx: Scope&lt;'a, ExplicitOptionProps&gt;) -&gt; Element&lt;'a&gt; {
cx.render(rsx!(h1 {
&quot;{cx.props.title}: &quot;,
cx.props.subtitle.unwrap_or(&quot;No subtitle provided&quot;),
}))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Então, você tem que passar explicitamente <code>Some(&quot;str&quot;)</code> ou <code>None</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>ExplicitOption {
title: &quot;Some Title&quot;,
subtitle: None,
},
ExplicitOption {
title: &quot;Some Title&quot;,
subtitle: Some(&quot;Some Title&quot;),
},
// This won't compile:
// ExplicitOption {
// title: &quot;Some Title&quot;,
// },
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="props-padrão"><a class="header" href="#props-padrão">Props Padrão</a></h3>
<p>Você pode usar <code>#[props(default = 42)]</code> para tornar um campo opcional e especificar seu valor padrão:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(PartialEq, Props)]
struct DefaultProps {
// default to 42 when not provided
#[props(default = 42)]
number: i64,
}
fn DefaultComponent(cx: Scope&lt;DefaultProps&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!(h1 { &quot;{cx.props.number}&quot; }))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Então, da mesma forma que <em>props</em> opcionais, você não precisa fornecê-lo:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>DefaultComponent {
number: 5,
},
DefaultComponent {},
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="conversão-automática-com-into"><a class="header" href="#conversão-automática-com-into">Conversão Automática com <code>.into</code></a></h3>
<p>É comum que as funções Rust aceitem <code>impl Into&lt;SomeType&gt;</code> em vez de apenas <code>SomeType</code> para suportar uma ampla gama de parâmetros. Se você quiser uma funcionalidade semelhante com <em>props</em>, você pode usar <code>#[props(into)]</code>. Por exemplo, você pode adicioná-lo em uma prop <code>String</code> – e <code>&amp;str</code> também será aceito automaticamente, pois pode ser convertido em <code>String</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(PartialEq, Props)]
struct IntoProps {
#[props(into)]
string: String,
}
fn IntoComponent(cx: Scope&lt;IntoProps&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!(h1 { &quot;{cx.props.string}&quot; }))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Então, você pode usá-lo assim:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>IntoComponent {
string: &quot;some &amp;str&quot;,
},
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<h2 id="a-macro-inline_props"><a class="header" href="#a-macro-inline_props">A macro <code>inline_props</code></a></h2>
<p>Até agora, todas as funções <code>Component</code> que vimos tinham uma <em>struct</em> <code>ComponentProps</code> correspondente para passar em <em>props</em>. Isso foi bastante verboso... Não seria legal ter <em>props</em> como argumentos de função simples? Então não precisaríamos definir uma estrutura Props, e ao invés de digitar <code>cx.props.whatever</code>, poderíamos usar <code>whatever</code> diretamente!</p>
<p><code>inline_props</code> permite que você faça exatamente isso. Em vez de digitar a versão &quot;completa&quot;:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[derive(Props, PartialEq)]
struct TitleCardProps {
title: String,
}
fn TitleCard(cx: Scope&lt;TitleCardProps&gt;) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!{
h1 { &quot;{cx.props.title}&quot; }
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>...você pode definir uma função que aceita <em>props</em> como argumentos. Então, basta anotá-lo com <code>#[inline_props]</code>, e a macro irá transformá-lo em um componente regular para você:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>#[inline_props]
fn TitleCard(cx: Scope, title: String) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!{
h1 { &quot;{title}&quot; }
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Embora o novo Componente seja mais curto e fácil de ler, essa macro não deve ser usada por autores de bibliotecas, pois você tem menos controle sobre a documentação do Prop.</p>
</blockquote>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introdução</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introdução Rápida as Plataformas</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/hot_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.1.</strong> Hot Reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/ssr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Renderização por Servidor</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/tui.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Interface do Terminal</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/mobile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Móvel</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Descrevendo a Interface do Usuário</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/special_attributes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Atributos Especiais</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/components.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Componentes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_props.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Props</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_children.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Componente Filho</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Interatividade</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/event_handlers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Manipuladores de Eventos</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Hooks &amp; Estado de Componentes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/user_input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Entradas do Usuário</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/sharing_state.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Estado Compartilhado</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/custom_hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Hooks Personalizados</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/dynamic_rendering.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Renderização Dinâmica</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/roteador.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Roteamento</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Assincronia</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_future.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> UseFuture</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_coroutine.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> UseCoroutine</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/spawn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Gerando Futures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Práticas Recomendadas</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/error_handling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Tratamento de erros</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/antipatterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Antipadrões</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Publicação</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../custom_renderer/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Renderizador Personalizado</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../roadmap.html">Roteiro</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../contributing.html">Contribuindo</a></Line truncated
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<h1 class="menu-title">Documentação do Dioxus</h1>
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<h1 id="componentes"><a class="header" href="#componentes">Componentes</a></h1>
<p>Assim como você não gostaria de escrever um programa complexo em uma única e longa função <code>main</code>, você não deve construir uma interface complexa em uma única função <code>App</code>. Em vez disso, seria melhor dividir a funcionalidade de um aplicativo em partes lógicas chamadas componentes.</p>
<p>Um componente é uma função Rust, nomeada em <em>UpperCammelCase</em>, que recebe um parâmetro <code>Scope</code> e retorna um <code>Element</code> descrevendo a interface do usuário que deseja renderizar. Na verdade, nossa função <code>App</code> é um componente!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// define a component that renders a div with the text &quot;Hello, world!&quot;
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Você provavelmente desejará adicionar <code>#![allow(non_snake_case)]</code> no topo de sua caixa para evitar avisos sobre o nome da função</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Um Componente é responsável por alguma tarefa de renderização – normalmente, renderizando uma parte isolada da interface do usuário. Por exemplo, você pode ter um componente <code>About</code> que renderiza uma breve descrição do Dioxus Labs:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>pub fn About(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx!(p {
b {&quot;Dioxus Labs&quot;}
&quot; An Open Source project dedicated to making Rust UI wonderful.&quot;
}))
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Em seguida, você pode renderizar seu componente em outro componente, da mesma forma que os elementos são renderizados:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
About {},
About {},
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p><img src="./images/screenshot_about_component.png" alt="Captura de tela contendo o componente Sobre duas vezes" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Neste ponto, pode parecer que os componentes nada mais são do que funções. No entanto, à medida que você aprende mais sobre os recursos do Dioxus, verá que eles são realmente mais poderosos!</p>
</blockquote>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introdução</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introdução Rápida as Plataformas</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/hot_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.1.</strong> Hot Reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/ssr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Renderização por Servidor</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/tui.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Interface do Terminal</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/mobile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Móvel</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Descrevendo a Interface do Usuário</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/special_attributes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Atributos Especiais</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/components.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Componentes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_props.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Props</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_children.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Componente Filho</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Interatividade</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/event_handlers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Manipuladores de Eventos</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Hooks &amp; Estado de Componentes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/user_input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Entradas do Usuário</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/sharing_state.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Estado Compartilhado</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/custom_hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Hooks Personalizados</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/dynamic_rendering.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Renderização Dinâmica</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/roteador.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Roteamento</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Assincronia</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_future.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> UseFuture</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_coroutine.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> UseCoroutine</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/spawn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Gerando Futures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Práticas Recomendadas</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/error_handling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Tratamento de erros</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/antipatterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Antipadrões</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Publicação</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../custom_renderer/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Renderizador Personalizado</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../roadmap.html">Roteiro</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../contributing.html">Contribuindo</a></Line truncated
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<h1 class="menu-title">Documentação do Dioxus</h1>
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<h1 id="descrevendo-a-interface-do-usuário"><a class="header" href="#descrevendo-a-interface-do-usuário">Descrevendo a Interface do Usuário</a></h1>
<p>Dioxus é uma estrutura <em>declarativa</em>. Isso significa que, em vez de dizer ao Dioxus o que fazer (por exemplo, &quot;criar um elemento&quot; ou &quot;definir a cor para vermelho&quot;), simplesmente <em>declaramos</em> como queremos que a interface do usuário se pareça usando o RSX.</p>
<p>Você já viu um exemplo simples ou sintaxe <code>RSX</code> no aplicativo &quot;hello world&quot;:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// define a component that renders a div with the text &quot;Hello, world!&quot;
fn App(cx: Scope) -&gt; Element {
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
&quot;Hello, world!&quot;
}
})
}
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Aqui, usamos a macro <code>rsx!</code> para <em>declarar</em> que queremos um elemento <code>div</code>, contendo o texto <code>&quot;Hello, world!&quot;</code>. Dioxus pega o RSX e constrói uma interface do usuário a partir dele.</p>
<h2 id="recursos-do-rsx"><a class="header" href="#recursos-do-rsx">Recursos do RSX</a></h2>
<p>O RSX é muito semelhante ao HTML, pois descreve elementos com atributos e filhos. Aqui está um elemento <code>div</code> vazio no RSX, bem como o HTML resultante:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>cx.render(rsx!(div {
// attributes / listeners
// children
}))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="filhos"><a class="header" href="#filhos">Filhos</a></h3>
<p>Para adicionar filhos a um elemento, coloque-os dentro dos colchetes <code>{}</code>. Eles podem ser outros elementos ou texto. Por exemplo, você pode ter um elemento <code>ol</code> (lista ordenada), contendo 3 elementos <code>li</code> (item da lista), cada um dos quais contém algum texto:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>cx.render(rsx!(ol {
li {&quot;First Item&quot;}
li {&quot;Second Item&quot;}
li {&quot;Third Item&quot;}
}))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;First Item&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Second Item&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Third Item&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="fragmentos"><a class="header" href="#fragmentos">Fragmentos</a></h3>
<p>Você também pode &quot;agrupar&quot; elementos envolvendo-os em <code>Fragment {}</code>. Isso não criará nenhum elemento adicional.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Nota: você também pode renderizar vários elementos no nível superior de <code>rsx!</code> e eles serão agrupados automaticamente – não há necessidade de um <code>Fragment {}</code> explícito lá.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>cx.render(rsx!(
p {&quot;First Item&quot;},
p {&quot;Second Item&quot;},
Fragment {
span { &quot;a group&quot; },
span { &quot;of three&quot; },
span { &quot;items&quot; },
}
))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;p&gt;First Item&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Second Item&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;span&gt;a group&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span&gt;of three&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span&gt;items&lt;/span&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="atributos"><a class="header" href="#atributos">Atributos</a></h3>
<p>Os atributos também são especificados dentro dos colchetes <code>{}</code>, usando a sintaxe <code>name: value</code>. Você pode fornecer o valor como um literal no RSX:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>cx.render(rsx!(a {
href: &quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&quot;,
class: &quot;primary_button&quot;,
color: &quot;red&quot;,
}))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;a
href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&quot;
class=&quot;primary_button&quot;
autofocus=&quot;true&quot;
&gt;Log In&lt;/a
&gt;
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Nota: Todos os atributos definidos em <code>dioxus-html</code> seguem a convenção de nomenclatura snake_case. Eles transformam seus nomes <code>snake_case</code> em atributos <code>camelCase</code> do HTML.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="atributos-personalizados"><a class="header" href="#atributos-personalizados">Atributos Personalizados</a></h4>
<p>Dioxus tem um conjunto pré-configurado de atributos que você pode usar. O RSX é validado em tempo de compilação para garantir que você não especificou um atributo inválido. Se você quiser substituir esse comportamento por um nome de atributo personalizado, especifique o atributo entre aspas:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span> cx.render(rsx!(b {
&quot;customAttribute&quot;: &quot;value&quot;,
}))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;b customAttribute=&quot;value&quot;&gt; Rust is cool &lt;/b&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="interpolação"><a class="header" href="#interpolação">Interpolação</a></h3>
<p>Da mesma forma que você pode <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello/print/fmt.html">formatar</a> Rust <em>strings</em>, você também pode interpolar no texto RSX. Use <code>{variable}</code> para exibir o valor de uma variável em uma <em>string</em>, ou <code>{variable:?}</code> para usar a representação <code>Debug</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>let coordinates = (42, 0);
let country = &quot;es&quot;;
cx.render(rsx!(div {
class: &quot;country-{country}&quot;,
&quot;position&quot;: &quot;{coordinates:?}&quot;,
// arbitrary expressions are allowed,
// as long as they don't contain `{}`
div {
&quot;{country.to_uppercase()}&quot;
},
div {
&quot;{7*6}&quot;
},
// {} can be escaped with {{}}
div {
&quot;{{}}&quot;
},
}))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;div class=&quot;country-es&quot;&gt;
Coordinates: (42, 0)
&lt;div&gt;ES&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;42&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="expressões"><a class="header" href="#expressões">Expressões</a></h3>
<p>Você pode incluir expressões Rust arbitrárias dentro do RSX, mas deve escapá-las entre colchetes <code>[]</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>let text = &quot;Dioxus&quot;;
cx.render(rsx!(span {
text.to_uppercase(),
// create a list of text from 0 to 9
(0..10).map(|i| rsx!{ i.to_string() })
}))
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;span&gt;DIOXUS&lt;/span&gt;
</code></pre>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../index.html">Introdução</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introdução Rápida as Plataformas</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/hot_reload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.1.</strong> Hot Reload</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/ssr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Renderização por Servidor</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/tui.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Interface do Terminal</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../getting_started/mobile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Móvel</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Descrevendo a Interface do Usuário</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/special_attributes.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Atributos Especiais</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/components.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Componentes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_props.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Props</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../describing_ui/component_children.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Componente Filho</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Interatividade</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/event_handlers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Manipuladores de Eventos</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Hooks &amp; Estado de Componentes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/user_input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Entradas do Usuário</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/sharing_state.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Estado Compartilhado</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/custom_hooks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Hooks Personalizados</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/dynamic_rendering.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Renderização Dinâmica</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../interactivity/roteador.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Roteamento</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Assincronia</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_future.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> UseFuture</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/use_coroutine.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> UseCoroutine</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../async/spawn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Gerando Futures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Práticas Recomendadas</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/error_handling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Tratamento de erros</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../best_practices/antipatterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Antipadrões</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Publicação</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/desktop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Desktop</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../publishing/web.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> Web</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../custom_renderer/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Renderizador Personalizado</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../roadmap.html">Roteiro</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../contributing.html">Contribuindo</a></Line truncated
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<h1 id="atributos-especiais"><a class="header" href="#atributos-especiais">Atributos Especiais</a></h1>
<p>Enquanto a maioria dos atributos são simplesmente passados para o HTML, alguns têm comportamentos especiais.</p>
<h2 id="a-escotilha-de-escape-do-html"><a class="header" href="#a-escotilha-de-escape-do-html">A Escotilha de Escape do HTML</a></h2>
<p>Se você estiver trabalhando com itens pré-renderizados, modelos ou uma biblioteca JS, convém passar o HTML diretamente em vez de passar pelo Dioxus. Nesses casos, use <code>dangerous_inner_html</code>.</p>
<p>Por exemplo, enviar um conversor de markdown para Dioxus pode aumentar significativamente o tamanho final do aplicativo. Em vez disso, você desejará pré-renderizar sua remarcação para HTML e, em seguida, incluir o HTML diretamente em sua saída. Usamos essa abordagem para a <a href="https://dioxuslabs.com">página inicial do Dioxus</a>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// this should come from a trusted source
let contents = &quot;live &lt;b&gt;dangerously&lt;/b&gt;&quot;;
cx.render(rsx! {
div {
dangerous_inner_html: &quot;{contents}&quot;,
}
})
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>Nota! Esse atributo é chamado de &quot;dangerous_inner_html&quot; porque é <strong>perigoso</strong> passar dados que você não confia. Se você não for cuidadoso, poderá facilmente expor ataques de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting">cross-site scripting (XSS)</a> aos seus usuários.</p>
<p>Se você estiver lidando com entradas não confiáveis, certifique-se de higienizar seu HTML antes de passá-lo para <code>dangerous_inner_html</code> – ou apenas passe-o para um elemento de texto para escapar de qualquer tag HTML.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="atributos-booleanos"><a class="header" href="#atributos-booleanos">Atributos Booleanos</a></h2>
<p>A maioria dos atributos, quando renderizados, serão renderizados exatamente como a entrada que você forneceu. No entanto, alguns atributos são considerados atributos &quot;booleanos&quot; e apenas sua presença determina se eles afetam a saída. Para esses atributos, um valor fornecido de <code>&quot;false&quot;</code> fará com que eles sejam removidos do elemento de destino.</p>
<p>Portanto, este RSX não renderizaria o atributo <code>hidden</code>:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2018">
<span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>cx.render(rsx! {
div {
hidden: &quot;false&quot;,
&quot;hello&quot;
}
})
<span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;div&gt;hello&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>No entanto, nem todos os atributos funcionam assim. <em>Apenas os seguintes atributos</em> têm este comportamento:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>allowfullscreen</code></li>
<li><code>allowpaymentrequest</code></li>
<li><code>async</code></li>
<li><code>autofocus</code></li>
<li><code>autoplay</code></li>
<li><code>checked</code></li>
<li><code>controls</code></li>
<li><code>default</code></li>
<li><code>defer</code></li>
<li><code>disabled</code></li>
<li><code>formnovalidate</code></li>
<li><code>hidden</code></li>
<li><code>ismap</code></li>
<li><code>itemscope</code></li>
<li><code>loop</code></li>
<li><code>multiple</code></li>
<li><code>muted</code></li>
<li><code>nomodule</code></li>
<li><code>novalidate</code></li>
<li><code>open</code></li>
<li><code>playsinline</code></li>
<li><code>readonly</code></li>
<li><code>required</code></li>
<li><code>reversed</code></li>
<li><code>selected</code></li>
<li><code>truespeed</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Para quaisquer outros atributos, um valor de <code>&quot;false&quot;</code> será enviado diretamente para o DOM.</p>
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