P3: assets' posted and scheduled depreciation, their bases, and the K-1 on the tax basis (defect 13, D-41)

Book value is cost less what the books posted; the schedule's figure is
apart. An asset's acquired date comes from its entry. Contributed
property keeps its section 723 carryover basis apart from its depreciable
basis (the lower of value and adjusted basis), with its 704(c) built-in
gain and method. The K-1 worksheet reports tax-basis capital (Form 1065
Item L) beside the book figures, leaving open what only the CPA knows.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T3gXMVt7XJPi6ens1or9Dj

crates/ledger-mcp/handbook/cpa-handoff.md

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 - Never file the package, or a file from it, into the books.
 - tin_gaps lists each member or payee whose TIN it lacks and why: collect them (books.set_tin, books.set_w9) and export again.
 - Everything in it is as of its as_of: the 1099 worksheet counts the year's payments through that day, and general-journal.iif (the QuickBooks Desktop file) every posted entry from the first through it, closing entries left out. That file is plain ASCII within QuickBooks Desktop's limits: warnings (and the README) say what it writes differently from the books ("Café" as "Cafe", a name cut to 31 characters, a subaccount of another type at the top level, the memos grouped); tell the human. It names no customer or vendor: the README lists the entries on accounts receivable or payable, where QuickBooks may ask the CPA for one.
+- With members, the K-1 worksheet is two files: k1-members.csv (each member's capital on the books, with their TIN) and k1-tax-basis-capital.csv (the same capital on the tax basis, as Schedule K-1 Item L reports it: property contributed at the member's adjusted basis, IRC §723, and the reconciliation from book to tax capital). A line the books can't know (tax depreciation, the basis of property no asset records) is left open with what the books have: tell the human the CPA supplies it; never fill it in.

crates/ledger-mcp/handbook/fixed-assets.md

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 - Register with books.register_asset, inspect with books.asset_schedule and books.list_assets, post monthly depreciation with books.run_depreciation (exempt from the receipt policy; the schedule is the evidence), and dispose with books.dispose_asset (preview first; the bill of sale is the receipt).
 - Depreciation is straight-line, book basis only; tax depreciation stays with the CPA.
 - It accrues by the day: a partial first month, the final month and a disposal month are prorated by days (the disposal day is held), and the lifetime total is exactly cost minus salvage. A month skipped is caught up by the next run (books.run_depreciation says how much under caught_up; a material miss is a restatement for the CPA); a disposal dated inside a month already run credits the extra days back; one dated before a later month's run is refused until that run is reversed.
+- Two dates: the in-service date (in_service_date: the day it is ready and available for its use) starts depreciation; the acquired date is the date of the entry that put it on the books (its purchase or a member's contribution: give it as acquisition_entry, dated on or before the in-service date), and puts it on the register. Something bought before it is used is on the register from the purchase and depreciates from the day it serves.
+- Two accumulated figures, never confused: what the books carry (accumulated_posted: its depreciation runs, less any reversed) and what the schedule says is due by a date (accumulated_scheduled_through). Book value is cost less what the books carry; the difference is depreciation not yet run.
 - Every asset gets a tag for the label on the thing itself (books.register_asset generates the next one, like FA-0001, unless the human has their own); record the manufacturer's serial number too, change either with books.label_asset, and print label sheets with books.asset_labels (give the human the PDF; print at 100% on Avery 5160/8160). Asset tools take the tag in place of the id.
-- Record every asset's federal tax basis beside its book value (books.set_asset_tax_basis, or tax_basis_rule on books.register_asset): cost for a purchase; for a member's contribution, the member's adjusted basis (what they paid, less depreciation they took) with rule personal_use_conversion (their personal property: tax basis is the lesser of value and their basis) or carryover (their business property). Book value stays fair market value.
-- books.export fixed_asset_register is the register for the CPA; books.show asset opens one in the viewer.
+- Record every asset's tax basis beside its book value (books.set_asset_tax_basis, or basis_rule on books.register_asset): purchase for something bought (basis is its cost); for a member's contribution, carryover_723 (their business property) or personal_use_conversion (their personal property), with the member's adjusted basis (cost plus improvements, less depreciation allowed or allowable) and its fair market value when contributed: ask the human for both and who says so (basis_source), never assume the value is the cost. Three figures follow, each named for what it is: the §723 basis (the member's adjusted basis), the depreciable basis (that basis; for personal use, the lesser of it and the value), and the §704(c) built-in gain or loss (value less §723 basis; a loss counts only for the contributing member). They are at contribution; tax depreciation, and what remains of the gain or loss later, are the CPA's. Record the §704(c) method (traditional, traditional_with_curative, remedial) once chosen with the CPA. Book value stays fair market value.
+- books.export fixed_asset_register is the register for the CPA (posted and scheduled, every tax figure, reconciled to the books); the CPA package's k1-tax-basis-capital.csv carries each member's capital on the tax basis beside the book figures, with what only the CPA can supply left open. books.show asset opens one in the viewer.