spec: ASC paragraphs read directly (360, 340, 210, 230, 606); all confirm the rules

Read in the ASC basic view and vendored as short quotes with paragraph
numbers (docs/spec/sources/fasb-asc.md). Depreciation: any systematic and
rational allocation of cost less salvage (360-10-35-4); prepaids are
current assets with no prescribed expensing method (340-10-05-4,
210-10-45-1/2); cash flows gross and classified three ways, owners'
advances financing (230-10-45-7/10/14(b)/15(b)); a principal's revenue
is gross (606-10-55-37B). Citation fixed: 230-10-45-14(b), not (2).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GWVo7x3UHw5kwCUaWxiejX

crates/ledger-config/src/lib.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub struct BooksSettings {
     pub cash_accounts: Vec<String>,
     /// `[books] financing_accounts`: liability account codes the cash flow
     /// statement treats as financing (loans, and what owners advanced:
-    /// ASC 230-10-45-14(2)). Empty: callers decide.
+    /// ASC 230-10-45-14(b)). Empty: callers decide.
     pub financing_accounts: Vec<String>,
     /// `[books] investing_accounts`: asset account codes the cash flow
     /// statement treats as investing (loans the company makes, investments

crates/ledger-core/src/reports.rs

@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ pub struct CashFlowParams {
     /// Accounts treated as cash. Their net change is the reconciling total.
     pub cash_accounts: Vec<crate::AccountId>,
     /// Liability accounts treated as financing (debt, including what the
-    /// owners advanced: ASC 230-10-45-14(2) "other short- or long-term
+    /// owners advanced: ASC 230-10-45-14(b) "other short- or long-term
     /// borrowing"). Default empty: all liabilities are operating working
     /// capital. All equity is financing.
     pub financing_accounts: Vec<crate::AccountId>,

crates/ledger-core/tests/statements.rs

@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ fn lines(ls: &[ledger_core::reports::CashFlowLine]) -> Vec<(String, Decimal)> {
 
 /// Oracle: ASC 230-10-45-7 ("information about the gross amounts of cash
 /// receipts and cash payments during a period is more relevant than
-/// information about the net amounts"), 230-10-45-14(2) (proceeds from
+/// information about the net amounts"), 230-10-45-14(b) (proceeds from
 /// "other short- or long-term borrowing") and 45-15(2) ("Repayments of
 /// amounts borrowed"): borrowing and repayment are separate lines.
 #[test]

crates/ledger-mcp/src/types.rs

@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ pub struct CashFlowParams {
     #[serde(default)]
     pub cash_accounts: Vec<String>,
     /// Account codes for liabilities treated as financing (loans, and what
-    /// owners advanced: ASC 230-10-45-14(2)). Defaults to `[books]
+    /// owners advanced: ASC 230-10-45-14(b)). Defaults to `[books]
     /// financing_accounts`, else empty (liabilities are working capital).
     #[serde(default)]
     pub financing_accounts: Vec<String>,

docs/mcp-interface.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ footers, and `[books] receipt_threshold` sets the receipt policy unless
 and `close_sweep` (draw, distribution, or dividend accounts closed into it).
 The cash flow statement's account roles are `[books] cash_accounts` (what
 it reconciles to), `financing_accounts` (loans, and money the owners
-advanced, such as a "Due to owners" liability: ASC 230-10-45-14(2)), and
+advanced, such as a "Due to owners" liability: ASC 230-10-45-14(b)), and
 `investing_accounts` (loans the company makes, investments it buys: ASC
 230-10-20); the tools and the viewer both read them, and a call may pass
 its own (docs/spec/rules.md B-14).

docs/spec/README.md

@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ later; new commands go through the checked ones. Pinned by
 
 Read on 2026-10-13 through Deloitte's free DART roadmaps, which reproduce
 ASC text: ASC 230-10-45-16 and -28, 326-20-55-37/38, 606-10-25-23, 45-2,
-55-37/38, 830-20-30-1. Not yet verified (the ASC's free basic view needs a
-login): ASC 360-10-35-4 (depreciation), 340-10 (prepaids), 230-10-45-10,
-606-10-55-37B, 210 (balance sheet). Until someone with a FASB basic-view
-account reads them, the rules that would cite them cite the textbook and
-say so.
+55-37/38, 830-20-30-1. Read directly in the ASC basic view on 2026-10-14
+(`sources/fasb-asc.md`): 360-10-35-4, 340-10-05-2/4/5, 210-10-45-1/2/5,
+230-10-45-7/10/12/13/14/15, 606-10-55-36 through 55-38. None left open.

docs/spec/rules.md

@@ -257,14 +257,16 @@ inflows from operating activities: Cash receipts from sales of goods or
 services…". A closing entry is not income or spending (B-11), so period
 statements exclude it.
 
-Investing and financing are gross (ASC 230-10-45-7, via Deloitte DART:
+Investing and financing are gross (ASC 230-10-45-7, read directly
+2026-10-14, `sources/fasb-asc.md`:
 "information about the gross amounts of cash receipts and cash payments
 during a period is more relevant than information about the net
 amounts"; 45-8 allows netting only where "the turnover is quick, the
 amounts are large, and the maturities are short"). Financing inflows
 include "Proceeds from issuing equity instruments" and "other short- or
-long-term borrowing" (45-14(1), (2)); outflows include "distributions to
-owners" and "Repayments of amounts borrowed" (45-15(1), (2)). Investing
+long-term borrowing" (45-14(a), (b)); outflows include "distributions to
+owners" and "Repayments of amounts borrowed" (45-15(a), (b)). Every cash
+flow is investing, financing, or operating (45-10). Investing
 "include[s] making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of
 debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment" (ASC
 230-10-20). Which accounts hold loans made, investments, and debt is a
@@ -300,7 +302,11 @@ life of the asset," with "(Cost – salvage value)/Useful life"; partial
 periods: "A common method is to allocate depreciation expense based on the
 number of months the asset is owned in a year." wanderbooks prorates
 partial months by days, including a schedule through a mid-month date
-(DECISION, Stephen 2026-10-13). ASC 360-10-35-4 not yet verified (see README).
+(DECISION, Stephen 2026-10-13). ASC 360-10-35-4 (read 2026-10-14,
+`sources/fasb-asc.md`) prescribes no method: cost less salvage is spread
+over the useful life "in a systematic and rational manner," as equitably
+as possible to the periods served; straight line by days is one such
+allocation.
 Tax conventions (half-year, mid-month, mid-quarter): IRS Pub. 946
 (`sources/irs-depreciation.md`), for the CPA.
 
@@ -316,7 +322,10 @@ ASC 606-10-45-2 (cited): payment before transfer → "the entity shall
 present the contract as a contract liability"; 606-10-25-23: "An entity
 shall recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance
 obligation by transferring a promised good or service." Prepaids: OpenStax
-§4.2 (cited). Tax: the 12-month rule, Treas. Reg. §1.263(a)-4(f)
+§4.2 (cited); ASC 340-10-05-4 and 210-10-45-1(g), -2 (read 2026-10-14,
+`sources/fasb-asc.md`): a prepaid is an asset paid in advance of its use,
+current within the operating cycle; the ASC prescribes no expensing
+method, so monthly expensing stays a convention. Tax: the 12-month rule, Treas. Reg. §1.263(a)-4(f)
 (`sources/irs-capitalization.md`).
 
 **Enforced:** `schedules`. **Checked:** `a_prepaid_expense_is_expensed_month_by_month`,
@@ -329,7 +338,9 @@ obligation by transferring a promised good or service." Prepaids: OpenStax
 ASC 606-10-55-37 (cited): "An entity is a principal if it controls the
 specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a
 customer." 606-10-55-38: an agent "recognizes revenue in the amount of any
-fee or commission to which it expects to be entitled." Whether an app
+fee or commission to which it expects to be entitled." 606-10-55-37B
+(read 2026-10-14, `sources/fasb-asc.md`): a principal recognizes revenue
+"in the gross amount of consideration." Whether an app
 developer is principal for app-store sales is a judgment under 55-39; the
 CPA confirms.
 

docs/spec/sources/fasb-asc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# FASB Accounting Standards Codification: paragraphs read directly
+
+Read 2026-10-14 in the ASC's basic view (asc.fasb.org, Stephen's login).
+The Codification is copyrighted by the Financial Accounting Foundation,
+so this file keeps only short quotes and paraphrase, with the paragraph
+numbers to look up. Earlier ASC paragraphs were read through Deloitte's
+DART roadmaps (see README).
+
+## 360-10-35-4 (Property, plant, and equipment: depreciation)
+
+A productive facility's cost is spread over its expected useful life,
+allocated "as equitably as possible" to the periods that get its
+services. Depreciation distributes cost, "less salvage (if any)", over
+the estimated useful life "in a systematic and rational manner"; it is
+"a process of allocation, not of valuation." No method is prescribed.
+→ B-15: straight line, salvage never depreciated, partial months by
+days (each day of service bears the same cost) is one systematic and
+rational allocation.
+
+## 340-10-05-2, -05-4, -05-5 (Other assets and deferred costs: prepaids)
+
+Prepaid expenses are assets "typically used up or expire within the
+normal operating cycle," paid "in advance of their use or consumption"
+(05-4); examples include insurance, interest, rents, taxes, and
+advertising not yet received (05-5). The Subtopic covers only their
+nature (05-2): it prescribes no expensing method.
+→ B-16: a prepaid is an asset, expensed over the months it covers
+(a convention; the ASC is silent on the method).
+
+## 210-10-45-1, -45-2, -45-5 (Balance sheet: current assets and liabilities)
+
+Prepaid expenses are among current assets (45-1(g)), not because they
+become cash but because they would otherwise use current assets in the
+operating cycle (45-2). A total of current liabilities "shall be
+presented in classified balance sheets" (45-5): the rule applies when a
+balance sheet is classified.
+→ wanderbooks' balance sheet is unclassified (by element), which this
+Subtopic permits; a classified layout would need current/noncurrent
+account roles.
+
+## 230-10-45-7, -10, -12(a), -13(a), -14(b), -15(b) (Statement of cash flows)
+
+Gross amounts are "more relevant" than net (45-7). Cash receipts and
+payments are classified "as resulting from investing, financing, or
+operating activities" (45-10). Collections on, and disbursements for,
+loans the entity makes are investing (45-12(a), 45-13(a)). Proceeds of
+"other short- or long-term borrowing" are financing inflows (45-14(b));
+"repayments of amounts borrowed" are financing outflows (45-15(b)).
+→ B-14: money owners advance (Due to Shareholders) is borrowing, so
+financing, gross; a loan the company makes is investing, gross.
+
+## 606-10-55-36 through 55-38 (Revenue: principal or agent)
+
+An entity controlling the specified good or service before transfer is
+the principal (55-37) and recognizes revenue "in the gross amount of
+consideration" it expects (55-37B); an agent recognizes only its fee or
+commission (55-38).
+→ B-17: an app seller is the principal for its app, so its revenue is
+the gross price; the platform's commission is an expense.

docs/testing.md

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ accounting question), CHANGE (a source says otherwise; work pending).
 | 6 | Reconciliation balances | CONFIRMED | Signed by the account's normal side (a card reads as owed), as statements show it; `reconciling_a_card_reads_its_normal_side_...` |
 | 7 | A member's ending on one equity statement may differ by a cent from the next statement's beginning | CHANGED 2026-10-13 | A capital account is one running balance (Form 1065 K-1 instructions, Item L). Undistributed earnings now split cumulatively as of each date, so each member's capital chains exactly (`each_members_capital_chains_across_statements`; it fails on the old code); rules.md B-13 |
 | 8 | Cash flow nets one line per account; investing comes only from registered assets | CHANGED 2026-10-13 | ASC 230-10-45-7: gross receipts and payments "more relevant" than net; 45-8 limits netting to quick-turnover items. Financing and investing are now gross; loans made and investments bought are investing (230-10-20, 45-13) via `[books] investing_accounts`. Owner-advanced expenses: PwC 6.9.3.1 constructive treatment via `[books] financing_accounts` (rules.md B-14) |
-| 9 | An asset's life ends at purchase + life months, that day not held; day-count proration | CONVENTION | Exactly N months of service; day proration and the mid-month convention are both accepted book policies (ASC 360-10-35-4 not read: login) |
+| 9 | An asset's life ends at purchase + life months, that day not held; day-count proration | CONVENTION | Exactly N months of service; day proration and the mid-month convention are both accepted book policies (ASC 360-10-35-4, read 2026-10-14: any systematic and rational allocation) |
 | 10 | A payroll entry has one line per account total | CONFIRMED | The per-employee detail the IRS requires ("Amounts and dates of all wage ... payments", Employment Tax Recordkeeping) is kept in the run; a summary entry is standard |
 | 11 | A period with exactly the dates of an existing one is allowed | DESIGN | Nothing governs duplicate periods; harmless (the second close locks only). Refusing exact duplicates is an option |
 | 12 | Each close into members' capital rounds on its own (ties to the earlier member) | CHANGED 2026-10-13 | Twelve monthly 50/50 closes could leave one member several cents ahead. A run of members closes now splits cumulatively (rules.md B-13; Lean `runPart_telescopes`; property `each_member_stays_within_a_cent_of_their_share` fails on the per-close rule); journaled `"cumulative"`, older closes replay as booked |
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ B-14) are the first.
 | Security properties | SKIP for the core (no roles, no secrets) | the first permission concept, or a secret-bearing field |
 | Concurrency stress | SKIP for the core (no shared state); DONE for the store's writer + viewer (found the false "differs") | the first `Arc`, atomic, or lock in the core; the MCP server's HTTP transport shares one store across sessions (next) |
 | Lean: apportion's sum law for any n | DONE (2026-10-14) | verify/lean/Wanderbooks/Apportion.lean: ranks are a permutation of 0..n-1 (strict total order + pigeonhole, core Lean only), so exactly u parts get a unit and one the fraction; `apportion_sum` and `apportion_sum_of_shortfall`, standard axioms only |
-| ASC paragraphs not yet read | OPEN | ASC 360-10-35-4, 340-10, 230-10-45-10, 606-10-55-37B, 210: needs a FASB basic-view login |
+| ASC paragraphs not yet read | DONE (2026-10-14) | read in the ASC basic view (`docs/spec/sources/fasb-asc.md`): all confirm the rules; one citation fixed (230-10-45-14(b), not (2)) |
 | GnuCash's own close | OPEN | the oracle books closes as ordinary entries; comparing GnuCash's Close Book needs its Scheme API |
 | Import: spec-blind suite, footing properties, mutation | DONE | sources vendored (Intuit bank CSV and IIF, ECMA-376/Excel numbers, IRS form lines); specs on every module; tests/spec_import.rs (spec-blind, footing and round-trip properties, XLSX read back from its XML, layout and styles); fuzz_import_csv; templates checked against the engine's control accounts; mutation one equivalent left |
 | MCP, config, GUI crates | NEXT | the same playbook |