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swaits 57f04dbb0c feat(mcp): payments on terms, bills due, and the agings' tie-out (P4b S6)

books.receive_payment and books.pay_bill take applications, each
document's cash with an optional discount and reason, and a customer
payment may carry the processor's fee; the result names every document it
settled and what reached the account. books.bills_due lists what to pay
and the running total by due date. The agings take detail and return the
control account's tie-out, and books.export writes ar_aging/ap_aging.

The handlers live in tools/settlements.rs (the EM's split, so S4.4's
documents.rs stays free); documents.rs keeps the documents, the void and
the control check. docs/mcp-interface.md documents every changed tool and
the new one; docs/architecture.md names the group; docs/testing.md
records the tests and P12's mutation targets.

Old names (document_id, cash_account) still work; the output keeps
remaining/status for one document. A fee's processor is named in the
description, not tagged as the entry's vendor: ledger tags are entry-wide
and tagging would move the customer's party totals and 1099-NEC.

The handbook's invoices-and-bills section gains the payment, discount,
fee and bounce-replacement procedures (S4.5 can extend it). Over the wire:
one_payment_settles_two_invoices, late_discount_needs_a_reason,
a_fee_posts_gross_to_receivables_and_net_to_the_bank,
card_paid_bill_is_not_1099_nec,
multi_document_payment_counts_once_for_1099_and_party_totals,
overpayment_refused_with_the_excess,
bills_due_orders_by_due_and_discount and the_aging_export_ties_out.

Terms cannot yet be journaled on a document (S4.3) and a bill line's
account is not an MCP field (S4.4), so bill_on_terms_with_discount,
equipment_bill_payment_is_investing_cash and the discount half of
bills_due are core tests until those land; the unit's As-built block
records this.

2026-10-27 12:59:40 -06:00

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Invoices and bills

Invoices are what customers owe the company; bills are what it owes vendors. Every figure on them is read from the ledger lines tagged with them, so a reversal, a void or a bounced payment is right by construction: never edit one.

2. Record a customer payment

Ask for the date the money arrived, where it landed, and what it paid. One deposit may settle several invoices of the same customer: pass applications with each invoice and its cash amount.
Record how it moved (instrument) and the processor's or bank's reference. The books record payments; they never collect them.
If the customer paid more than the invoices owe, the payment is refused: record the excess as a plain entry to 2300 Customer Deposits (no role) and apply it when the work is invoiced (D-49, A-12).
A check or note marked "paid in full" of a disputed amount earns the UCC §3-311 warning. Record only the payment; a lawyer or the payer's agreement settles the rest.

3. Pay a vendor bill

Ask for the date, the account it left, and which bills it pays. One payment may settle several bills of one vendor (applications).
Record the method and the reference. A card payment is tagged as card and stays out of 1099-NEC (D-40).
Use books.bills_due for what is due and when, with each vendor's early-payment discount window.

Taking an early-payment discount

A bill on "2/10 net 30" takes 2% off if paid within ten days. Pass the discount beside the cash (discount); the books post the gross method: the bill is credited in full, the discount goes to Purchase Discounts (6995), and the bank gets the rest.
A discount at most the terms allow and dated on or before their discount date needs no reason. A larger or later one needs discount_reason (a vendor who honours it anyway); it is journaled.
A bill with an asset or prepaid line refuses a discount: record the bill net of the discount, or reclassify with an entry Dr 6995 Purchase Discounts / Cr the asset account (D-49). Never split the discount across the asset lines.

5. A processor's fee

The books never charge or collect; a processor does, and keeps a fee. Pass fee on books.receive_payment (amount, and optionally the expense account and the processor's vendor).
The entry is gross: Dr the deposit account the net, Dr the processing-fee expense the fee, Cr Accounts Receivable the gross (A-4). Only cash movements count toward a 1099, so the fee is not a payment to the processor.

A replacement payment arrives before a bounce is known

Park it: a plain entry Dr the bank / Cr 2300 Customer Deposits (no role), described with the customer and what it is for.
When the first payment bounces, reverse it (books.reverse_entry) dated the bounce day; it un-pays its invoices.
Apply the parked money with books.receive_payment, deposit_to: "2300", dated on or after the bounce, against the invoices it pays. The 2300 balance returns to zero.

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