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swaitsandClaude Opus 5.5 ad572ae89d docs(spec): every rule traced to an authority; public-domain sources vendored

Stephen asked that specs come from recognized documents, not from
anyone's memory. There is no single US bookkeeping bible; authority is
layered, and this records it:

- docs/spec/sources/: verbatim excerpts (whitespace normalized), each
  with URL, retrieval date, and the SHA-256 of the fetched file, of
  public-domain texts: Pacioli's 1494 treatise in Geijsbeek's 1914
  translation (double entry, the trial balance, one money, write only
  forward, correct by opposite entry, close into capital); IRS Pub. 583,
  538, 946, 15; the 1099-MISC/NEC instructions (2025 and 2026); 26 U.S.C.
  §6041, §6041A, §704; Treas. Reg. §1.263(a)-1(f) and -4(f); Notice
  2015-82; Rev. Proc. 98-25; Form 1065 instructions; 17 U.S.C. §105. The
  excerpts were extracted by matching each passage against the fetched
  file, so none can contain text the source doesn't.
- docs/spec/rules.md: the rule catalog, B-1 to B-22. Each rule says
  AUTHORITY, CONVENTION, or DECISION; cites its sources (FASB's
  Codification and Concepts Statement 8 and OpenStax quoted briefly,
  never copied: copyright and CC BY-NC-SA); and names the code that
  enforces it and the tests and proofs that check it.
- Spec blocks in the code now carry SOURCE: lines into the catalog;
  AGENTS.md makes sourcing rule 0 of the formal-methods bar.

Corrections the sources turned up: the de minimis limit is $500 in the
regulation and $2,500 by Notice 2015-82 (both now cited); 1099
thresholds after 2026 are inflation-indexed, so the engine's flat
$2,000 for 2027+ is an open question (B-19). Unverified ASC paragraphs
(360-10-35-4, 340-10, 230-10-45-10, 606-10-55-37B, 210) are listed in
docs/spec/README.md until someone with a FASB basic-view login reads
them.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GWVo7x3UHw5kwCUaWxiejX

2026-10-13 12:18:57 -06:00

3.9 KiB

Raw Blame History

Information returns: Forms 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC

Governs form1099::default_threshold and vendor_1099_report. Payments made after Dec. 31, 2025: $2,000 (26 U.S.C. §6041(a) as amended by Pub. L. 119-21 §70433), inflation-indexed for calendar years after 2026 (§6041(h)), rounded to the nearest $100. Through 2025: $600. Attorneys' gross proceeds (1099-MISC box 10) stay at $600. Card payments go on Form 1099-K, not 1099-NEC/MISC.

26 U.S.C. §6041(a) and (h), as amended

Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/6041
Retrieved: 2026-10-13
SHA-256 of the retrieved file (usc6041.txt): 416a56991ae517b5dbccd95400017c0e5b81ed126d56ba49f6fac5c270e49aa3

§6041(a)

All persons engaged in a trade or business and making payment in the course of such trade or business to another person, of rent, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compensations, remunerations, emoluments, or other fixed or determinable gains, profits, and income (other than payments to which section 6042(a)(1), 6044(a)(1), 6047(e), 6049(a), or 6050N(a) applies, and other than payments with respect to which a statement is required under the authority of section 6042(a)(2), 6044(a)(2), or 6045), of $2,000 or more in any calendar year, or, in the case of such payments made by the United States, the officers or employees of the United States having information as to such payments and required to make returns in regard thereto by the regulations hereinafter provided for, shall render a true and accurate return to the Secretary

§6041(h)

In the case of any calendar year after 2026, the dollar amount in subsection (a) shall be increased by an amount equal to— (1) such dollar amount, multiplied by (2) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for such calendar year, determined by substituting “calendar year 2025” for “calendar year 2016” in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof. If any increase under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $100, such increase shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.

Amendment note

Pub. L. 119–21, § 70433(a), substituted “$2,000” for “$600”

26 U.S.C. §6041A(a)(2) (nonemployee compensation, as amended)

Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/6041A
Retrieved: 2026-10-13
SHA-256 of the retrieved file (usc6041a.txt): 0e210cc4bcf50a6e073ad0dab1f7170844ac953fd96f598e6ddd4ce89adaa54e

the aggregate of such remuneration paid to such person during such calendar year equals or exceeds the dollar amount in effect for such calendar year under section 6041(a)

Instructions for Forms 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC (Rev. December 2026)

Source: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1099mec
Retrieved: 2026-10-13
SHA-256 of the retrieved file (i1099mec.txt): 8901885d8ee19b9d61ebdad7a437a96f20876654b2322114e47aaf77945f7f77

What's New

For tax years beginning after 2025, the minimum threshold amount for reporting certain payments required to be reported on certain information returns and/or perform backup withholding on those payments increased to $2,000 and may be adjusted for inflation beginning in calendar year 2027.

Trade or business only

Report on Form 1099-MISC or Form 1099-NEC only when payments are made in the course of your trade or business. Personal payments are not reportable.

Form 1099-K

Payments made with a credit card or payment card and certain other types of payments, including third-party network transactions, must be reported on Form 1099-K by the payment settlement entity under section 6050W and are not subject to reporting on Form 1099-MISC or Form 1099-NEC.

Instructions for Forms 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC (Rev. April 2025, the $600 rule)

Source: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-prior/i1099mec--2025.pdf
Retrieved: 2026-10-13
SHA-256 of the retrieved file (i1099mec-2025.txt): 37be5b9ea8092681c606e6e0b5f94ce21a2ff52111eac4b3da33e4087373a62c

Box 1, Rents

Enter amounts of $600 or more for all types of rents

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